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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of seventy meters or 230 feet.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, particularly because of their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be transported to the construction site by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machinery portion of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be some of the other industrial machines that is used to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height could match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional twenty feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions such as wind need to be considered. The word loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load should be evenly distributed throughout the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an equally distributed load is beneficial to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. A cargo that is even helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very important that the designers of handling machinery and containers consider during the engineering process. Like for instance, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
In order to make sure that the machinery used is right for the load, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, such as a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care must be taken when raising these.
